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Ch 10: Natural Language Processing Basics - Introduction

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You can read this content here on the web. To run the code interactively, either use the Playground or clone the repo and open chapters/chapter-10-natural-language-processing-basics/notebooks/01_nlp_fundamentals.ipynb in Jupyter.


Chapter 10: NLP Basics — Notebook 01 (Fundamentals)

This notebook introduces the core building blocks of NLP: tokenization, text preprocessing, text representation (Bag of Words, TF-IDF, embeddings), and your first sentiment analysis pipeline.

What you'll learn

Topic Section
Text preprocessing (tokenization, stemming, lemmatization, stopwords) §2
Bag of Words, TF-IDF, one-hot encoding §3
Reusable preprocessing pipeline §4
Word embeddings (GloVe, similarity, analogies) §5
First sentiment analysis with TF-IDF + logistic regression §6

Time estimate: 2.5–3 hours


Key concepts

  • Tokenization — Split text into words or sentences (e.g. NLTK word_tokenize, sent_tokenize).
  • Stemming vs lemmatization — Reduce words to base form; lemmatization uses dictionary form.
  • TF-IDF — Term frequency–inverse document frequency to highlight discriminative terms.
  • Word embeddings — Dense vectors for words (e.g. GloVe) so similar words are close in space.
  • Sentiment analysis — Preprocess text → TF-IDF features → train a classifier (e.g. logistic regression) → evaluate.

Run the full notebook in the chapter folder for code and outputs.


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